Agentic AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Architectures, Applications, and Future Directions

ABSTRACT

Agentic AI represents a transformative shift in artificial intelligence, but its rapid advancement has led to a fragmented understanding, often conflating modern neural systems with outdated symbolic models. This survey introduces a novel dual-paradigm framework categorizing systems into Symbolic/Classical and Neural/Generative lineages. By systematically reviewing 90 studies from 2018-2025, the authors provide a strategic roadmap for hybrid neuro-symbolic architectures, revealing that symbolic systems dominate safety-critical domains while neural systems excel in adaptive environments.